Narrative Literature Review : Aktivitas Antibakteri Daun Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehne)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35334/tma5mt51Keywords:
anti bakteri, daun Coffea canephora, metabolit sekunder, narrative literature reviewAbstract
Meningkatnya resistensi antibiotik mendorong pencarian agen antibakteri alami yang efektif dan aman. Daun kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, polifenol, dan triterpenoid yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara naratif bukti ilmiah terkait aktivitas antibakteri daun kopi robusta, mekanisme kerja, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitasnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah narrative literature review melalui penelusuran literatur pada Google Scholar dalam rentang tahun 2016-2026. Seleksi dilakukan melalui tahapan identifikasi, screening, dan full-text review sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan, sehingga diperoleh 17 artikel yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun kopi robusta memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif, termasuk Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionibacterium acnes, Streptococcus mutans, serta MRSA. Mekanisme meliputi kerusakan membran sel, penghambatan sintesis dinding sel dan protein, gangguan enzim, serta hambatan pembentukan biofilm. Aktivitasnya dipengaruhi oleh metode dan pelarut ekstraksi, kondisi pengolahan, konsentrasi, dan formulasi. Secara keseluruhan, daun kopi robusta berpotensi sebagai kandidat fitofarmaka dan bahan aktif produk farmasi maupun kosmetik, namun masih diperlukan penelitian in vivo dan uji klinis untuk memastikan keamanan dan efektivitasnya.
References
Ayunda, P., Munandar, K., & Prafitasari, A. N. (2025). Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak daun kopi robusta terhadap daya hambat Propionibacterium acnes. BIO-CONS: Jurnal Biologi dan Konservasi, 7(2), 520–529. https://doi.org/10.31537/biocons.v7i2.2459
Breijyeh, Z., Jubeh, B., & Karaman, R. (2020). Resistance of gram-negative bacteria to current antibacterial agents and approaches to resolve it. Molecules, 25(6), 1340.
Cushnie, T. P. T., Cushnie, B., & Lamb, A. J. (2014). Alkaloids: An overview of their antibacterial, antibiotic-enhancing and antivirulence activities. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 44(5), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.001
Dephinto, Y., & Muslim, Z. (2018). Comparison of antimicrobial effectiveness of robusta coffee leaf extract (Coffea canephora) with drying variation against Staphylococcus aureus. UNES Journal of Scientech Research, 3(1), 76–80.
Farha, A. K., Yang, Q. Q., Kim, G., Li, H. B., Zhu, F., Liu, H. Y., Gan, R. Y., & Corke, H. (2020). Tannins as an alternative to antibiotics. Food Bioscience, 38, 100751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100751
Farhadi, F., Khameneh, B., Iranshahi, M., & Iranshahy, M. (2019). Antibacterial activity of flavonoids and their structure–activity relationship: An update review. Phytotherapy Research, 33(1), 13–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6208
Febriani, A., Koriah, S., & Syafriana, V. (2023). Literature review on antibacterial activity of leaf, fruit peel, and seed extracts of Arabica (Coffea arabica) and Robusta (Coffea canephora) coffee against various bacteria. Sainstech Farma: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian.
Ferrari, R. (2015). Writing narrative style literature reviews. Medical Writing, 24(4), 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047480615Z.000000000329
Kaczmarek, B. (2020). Tannic acid with antiviral and antibacterial activity as a promising component of biomaterials: A minireview. Materials, 13(14), 3224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143224
Kenconojati, H., Ulkhaq, M. F., Azhar, M. H., & Budi, D. S. (2019). Evaluation of antibacterial activity of different solvent extract from Coffea canephora leaves against Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus agalactiae. AACL Bioflux, 12(6), 2371–2377.
Khoffah, S. N., Damayanti, D. S., & Putri, C. D. R. (2025). Efek antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Escherichia coli pada studi in vitro. Jurnal Kedokteran Komunitas (Journal of Community Medicine), 13(1), 1–7.
Latu, S., Inayah, N., Syamsidar, S., Suleman, A. W., Padjalangi, A. M. Y., & Mansur. (2023). Formulasi dan uji antibakteri sediaan bodywash ekstrak daun pare (Momordica charantia L.) kombinasi kopi robusta (Coffea canephora L.) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Proceedings Series on Health & Medical Sciences, 7, 16–20. https://doi.org/10.30595/pshms.v7i.1440
Lestari, L. G. M., Antara, N. S., & Suwariani, N. P. (2021). The effect of initial temperature and time of infusion on antibacterial and antioxidant activities in the herbal drink extract of robusta coffee leaves. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Manajemen Agroindustri, 9(1), 85–98.
Lestari, S., Nasution, M. A., Dalimunthe, G. I., & Lubis, M. S. (2024). Antibacterial activity of foot spray preparations extract of jeruk purut leaves (Citrus hystrix) and robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora) against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(1b), 758–764. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v241b.8736759
Li, J., & Monje-Galvan, V. (2023). In vitro and in silico studies of antimicrobial saponins: A review. Processes, 11(10), 2856. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102856
Marcellia, S., Tutik, & Romadhon, S. (2021). Uji efektivitas ekstrak daun kopi robusta (Coffea robusta) sediaan gel terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati, 4(1), 61–71.
Mewaba, S. G., Happi, E. N., Nangmou, B. M. N., Langat, M. K., Siddique, H., Sadgrove, N., Kamdem, A. F. W., Vardamides, J. C., Mas-Claret, E., Isyaka, S. M., Rotich, W., & Azebaze, B. G. A. (2022). Antibacterial compounds of the cultivated robusta coffee: Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner. Scientific African, 16, e01274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01274
Millah, Z., & Syauqi, A. (2022). Pengaruh ekstrak biji dan daun robusta (Coffea canephora) dari Desa Kemiri, Jabung-Malang sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan Escherichia coli. Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, dan Sosial Budaya, 28(1), 44–51.
Muslim, Z., & Dephinto, Y. (2019). Antibacterial activity of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) leaves to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research.
Noviyandri, P. R., Nuza, D., & Sungkar, S. (2020). Effect of ethanol extract of robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora var. robusta) against Streptococcus mutans growth. Jurnal Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society, 5(2), 75–79.
Pikhtirova, A., Pecka-Kiełb, E., & Zigo, F. (2023). Antimicrobial activity of saponin-containing plants: Review. Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2023.12.00336
Rahmah, A., Nastiti, K., Mahdiyah, D., & Vidiasari, P. (2023). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun kopi Aranio (Coffea canephora) terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Journal of Pharmaceutical Care and Sciences, 4(1), 64–74. https://doi.org/10.33859/jpcs.v4i1
Rasidah, R., Suryawati, S., Munira, M., Zakiah, N., Rahayu, S., & Aulianshah, V. (2023). Antibacterial activity, TLC-bioautography analysis, and determination of bioactive components in ethyl acetate extract of robusta coffee leaf (Coffea canephora L.) from Aceh, Indonesia. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 7(4), 2760.
Rosmainar, L. (2021). Formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan sabun cair dari ekstrak daun jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) dan kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) serta uji cemaran mikroba. Jurnal Kimia Riset, 6(1), 58–67.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Widianingsih, M. (2025a). Daun dan kulit buah kopi robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif untuk aplikasi farmakologi. Borneo Journal of Biology Education, 7(2), 140–148. https://doi.org/10.35334/fp1sg371
Widianingsih, M. (2025b). Review: Analisis senyawa bioaktif daun kopi robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner). Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati, 8(2), 382–392. https://doi.org/10.33024/jfm.v8i2.21197
Widyastuti, G. A. N., Masruroh, Z., Yuliana, R. A. D., Almira, V. G., Tsani, A. F. A., Nissa, C., & Prawiraatmaja, M. I. (2020). Bioactive components and antibacterial activity in robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(3), 1374.
Xie, Y., Yang, W., Tang, F., Chen, X., & Ren, L. (2015). Antibacterial activities of flavonoids: Structure–activity relationship and mechanism. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 22(1), 132–149. https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666140916113443
Yan, Y., Li, X., Zhang, C., Lv, L., Gao, B., & Li, M. (2021). Research progress on antibacterial activities and mechanisms of natural alkaloids: A review. Antibiotics, 10(3), 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030318
Yosboonruang, A., Ontawong, A., Thapmamang, J., & Duangjai, A. (2022). Antibacterial activity of Coffea robusta leaf extract against foodborne pathogens. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32(8), 1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.2204.04003
