Daun dan Kulit Buah Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A.Froehner) Sebagai Sumber Senyawa Bioaktif untuk Aplikasi Farmakologi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35334/fp1sg371Keywords:
Coffea canephora, fitofarmaka, metabolit sekunderAbstract
Kopi menjadi salah satu komoditas perkebunan strategis dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi dan distribusi konsumsi yang luas secara global. Selain biji kopi yang menjadi produk utama, bagian tanaman lain seperti daun dan kulit buah kopi diketahui mengandung beragam senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi memberikan manfaat farmakologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak daun dan kulit buah kopi robusta melalui uji fitokimia kualitatif. Sampel diambil dari perkebunan kopi di Lampung Barat, diidentifikasi secara morfologi, kemudian diekstraksi dan dianalisis menggunakan pereaksi spesifik untuk mendeteksi alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik/tanin, saponin, terpenoid, dan steroid. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun maupun kulit buah kopi robusta positif mengandung alkaloid (presipitasi putih-cokelat), flavonoid (warna kuning kecokelatan disertai busa), fenolik/tanin (warna hijau kebiruan), saponin (buih stabil ±30 detik), dan terpenoid (cincin merah), sedangkan senyawa golongan steroid tidak terdeteksi. Keberadaan senyawa tersebut mengindikasikan potensi aktivitas biologis seperti antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antimikroba, dan kardioprotektif, sebagaimana dilaporkan dalam penelitian terdahulu dalam satu dekade terakhir. Temuan ini memperkuat prospek pemanfaatan bagian non-biji kopi robusta sebagai sumber senyawa bioaktif yang dapat dikembangkan dalam industri fitofarmaka dan pangan fungsional berbasis tanaman.
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