The Influence of Socioeconomic Factors on Mustard Greens (Brassica juncea L.) Farming Income in Kampung Enam Village, Tarakan City

Abstract

Mustard greens (Brassica juncea L.) farming is an important source of household income for vegetable farmers, although income levels vary according to socioeconomic characteristics and resource ownership. This study aimed to analyze mustard farming income, determine its contribution to total household income, and examine the influence of socioeconomic factors on mustard farming income in Kampung Enam Village, Tarakan City. The research location was selected purposively, and 33 active mustard farmers with at least two years of farming experience were selected using purposive sampling. Primary data were collected through field observation, structured interviews, and documentation, while secondary data were obtained from relevant institutions and literature. Data were analyzed using farm income analysis, contribution analysis, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that average mustard farming income was Rp 402,961 per production cycle, derived from total revenue of Rp 563,404 and total production cost of Rp 160,443. The contribution of mustard farming income to total household income was 29%, which is classified as low. The regression model explained 73.1% of the variation in income, and the F-test indicated that all socioeconomic variables simultaneously affected income. Partially, only capital had a positive and significant effect on mustard farming income (b = 2.851; p < 0.05), while age, education, farming experience, family dependents, and land area were not significant. These findings indicate that improving farmers' access to capital is important for increasing mustard farming income, while income diversification remains necessary to strengthen household economic resilience.