Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Trema cannabina and Cratoxylum sumatranum leaf extracts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35334/q4xk0g59Keywords:
Agar-well diffusion, Propionibacterium acnes, DPPH radical scavenging, Plant-derived antibacterial, Ralstonia solanacearumAbstract
The Borneo Research Forest contains plant species with underexplored bioactive potential. This study evaluated the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Trema cannabina Lour. and Cratoxylum sumatranum (Jack) Blume. Antibacterial activity was tested against Ralstonia solanacearum and Propionibacterium acnes by agar-well diffusion at 2,500, 5,000, and 10,000 ppm. Chloramphenicol (100 ppm) and 40% ethanol served as positive and negative controls. Antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH radical-scavenging assay at 25, 50, and 100 ppm, with vitamin C as the positive control. Cratoxylum sumatranum produced the strongest antibacterial response. At 10,000 ppm, its relative inhibition was 60.0% against R. solanacearum and 90.7% against P. acnes. Trema cannabina reached 33.5% relative inhibition against R. solanacearum at the same concentration but showed no detectable inhibition of P. acnes. Both extracts scavenged DPPH radicals in a concentration-dependent pattern. At 100 ppm, inhibition reached 76.24% for T. cannabina and 78.31% for C. sumatranum, compared with 98.24% for vitamin C. These findings identify C. sumatranum as the more promising broad-spectrum antibacterial extract, while both species warrant further phytochemical characterization and dose-response testing as sources of natural antioxidants.
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